Financial industry regulatory authority brokercheck - The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …

 
An investment adviser is paid for providing advice about securities to clients. In addition, some investment advisers manage investment portfolios and offer financial planning services. It is common for a financial professional to act as both a broker and an investment adviser. . Cheap event centers near me

With 17 offices and 3,600 employees deployed throughout the country, FINRA is dedicated to ensuring that our nation’s financial markets are fair and honest. And because we operate in the communities where firms do business and disputes actually occur, we understand emerging issues affecting investors right in their own neighborhoods. Atlanta, GASterling …FINRA collaborates with international regulators to support and improve oversight of firms with global operations. Specifically, FINRA International works to: Facilitate cooperation and information sharing between FINRA and foreign authorities to the benefit of FINRA's regulatory and policy units; Ensure that FINRA has strong relationships with ...For purposes of this paragraph (c), a final regulatory action as defined in Form U4 may include any final action, including any action that is on appeal, by the SEC, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, a federal banking agency, the National Credit Union Administration, another federal regulatory agency, a state regulatory agency, a foreign …The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …Go to your state securities regulator to do additional research on brokers and investment advisers. BrokerCheck does not have information regarding civil litigation not involving investments, civil protective orders, criminal matters unless they are felonies, or misdemeanors that are investment-related or involve theft or a "breach of trust." State regulators are governed by their public records laws (not FINRA Rule 8312), and may provide information not in BrokerCheck, including information no longer required to be reported or updated on uniform registration forms due, for example, to its age or final disposition. Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a government-authorized, not-for-profit organization that oversees U.S. broker-dealers and was authorized by Congress to make sure the industry remains fair and honest. Brokers are qualified to handle client assets. BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you employment history, certifications, licenses, and any violations for brokers and investment advisors. BrokerCheck - Find a broker, investment or financial advisor. BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you employment history, certifications, licenses, and any violations for brokers and investment advisors. Registration. For you to become registered as a securities professional, your firm must file a Uniform Application for Securities Industry Registration or Transfer, commonly referred to as the Form U4, via the CRD system. The Form U4 collects administrative information ( e.g., residential history, employment address, other business activities ...The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …On June 3, 2022, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“Commission”) the proposed rule change SR–FINRA–2022–015 pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) and Rule 19b 4 thereunder to amend Rule 8312 (FINRA …34-96107. Oct. 19, 2022. Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of a Proposed Rule Change to Extend the Expiration Date of the Temporary Amendments Set Forth in SR-FINRA-2020-027 and the Temporary Amendments to FINRA Rule 9341 (d) in SR-FINRA-2020-015. Comments due: November 15, 2022.The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a private corporation that regulates firms within its system and website. The Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) website is also beneficial in gathering details on investment advisors and firms. What Information Does FINRA BrokerCheck Provide? BrokerCheck provides …The research was conducted by FINRA’s Office of Financial Innovation, which is part of the recently formed Office of Regulatory, Economics and Market Analysis. The report provides an overview of quantum computing’s potential ability to solve problems too large or complex for traditional computers and thereby reshape the securities …The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public … BrokerCheck - Find a broker, investment or financial advisor. BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you employment history, certifications, licenses, and any violations for brokers and investment advisors. Transparency is an essential element of fair and open markets. But in a rapidly evolving landscape, it can be challenging to keep up with the latest regulatory reporting requirements. FINRA helps broker-dealers stay up to date with these requirements, making regulatory compliance easier. We employ advanced technology to monitor financial …BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you employment history, certifications, licenses, and any violations for brokers and investment advisors. Learn more about Webull Financial LLC, a registered broker-dealer and a member of FINRA, and its brokers, such as Brendan Patrick Fuller and Zachary Luciano Diaz.BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you employment history, certifications, licenses, and any violations for brokers and investment advisors. ... regulatory actions, and investment-related licensing information, arbitrations and complaints. ... We are authorized by Congress to protect America’s investors by making sure the securities ...A person who is employed by a member of a stock exchange or Financial Industry Regulatory Authority must complete a Rule 407 letter if he wishes to open accounts with other industr...The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a private corporation that regulates firms within its system and website. The Securities and …Go to your state securities regulator to do additional research on brokers and investment advisers. BrokerCheck does not have information regarding civil litigation not involving investments, civil protective orders, criminal matters unless they are felonies, or misdemeanors that are investment-related or involve theft or a "breach of trust."Go to your state securities regulator to do additional research on brokers and investment advisers. BrokerCheck does not have information regarding civil litigation not involving investments, civil protective orders, criminal matters unless they are felonies, or misdemeanors that are investment-related or involve theft or a "breach of trust."The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …Apr 27, 2023 · Before signing on with a broker or investment advisor, you should look them up in the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority’s (FINRA’s) BrokerCheck. FINRA is authorized by Congress to oversee brokers and broker-dealers. The FINRA BrokerCheck database provides key information about individual brokers and brokerage firms, including ... BrokerCheck - Find a broker, investment or financial advisor. BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you employment history, certifications, licenses, and any violations for brokers and investment advisors. BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you employment history, certifications, licenses, and any violations for brokers and investment advisors. Go to your state securities regulator to do additional research on brokers and investment advisers. BrokerCheck does not have information regarding civil litigation not involving investments, civil protective orders, criminal matters unless they are felonies, or misdemeanors that are investment-related or involve theft or a "breach of trust." The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …The Securities and Exchange Commission ("Commission") deems it appropriate and in the public interest that public administrative proceedings be, and hereby are, instituted pursuant to Section 15(b)(6) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act") and Section 203(f) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 ("Advisers Act") against James K. Couture …FINRA BrokerCheck is a free tool that helps individuals conduct research on the professional experience of brokers and brokerages, as well as investment firms and advisors. FINRA, which stands for Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, is a private American company founded in 2007. FINRA focuses on upholding the integrity and …The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …In this Money File: three ways to save money when choosing a financial advisor. Here's Manisha Thakor, co-author of "On My Own Two Feet: A Modern Girl's Guide to Perso... State regulators are governed by their public records laws (not FINRA Rule 8312), and may provide information not in BrokerCheck, including information no longer required to be reported or updated on uniform registration forms due, for example, to its age or final disposition. 34-96107. Oct. 19, 2022. Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of a Proposed Rule Change to Extend the Expiration Date of the Temporary Amendments Set Forth in SR-FINRA-2020-027 and the Temporary Amendments to FINRA Rule 9341 (d) in SR-FINRA-2020-015. Comments due: November 15, 2022.In doing so, the FAR aims to improve the risk and governance cultures of those financial institutions. Today’s package includes: the Regulator rules, which prescribe information …The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …Jan 9, 2024 · The 2024 FINRA Annual Regulatory Oversight Report (the Report) provides member firms with insight into findings from FINRA’s Member Supervision, Market Regulation and Enforcement programs (collectively, “regulatory operations programs”). The Report reflects FINRA’s commitment to providing greater transparency to member firms and the public about our regulatory activities. Industry standards for financial ratios include price/earnings, liquidity, asset management, debt and profitability or market ratios.The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …Composition. FINRA’s Board comprises 24 industry and public members, with 10 seats designated for industry members, 13 seats designated for public members and one seat reserved for FINRA’s Chief Executive Officer. Seven of the industry governor seats—three small firm governors, one mid-size firm governor and three large firm governors ...Go to your state securities regulator to do additional research on brokers and investment advisers. BrokerCheck does not have information regarding civil litigation not involving investments, civil protective orders, criminal matters unless they are felonies, or misdemeanors that are investment-related or involve theft or a "breach of trust."Investors can find out historical bond prices with a CUSIP number on Finra.org, notes the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. On the website, select the Tools and Calculators ...FINRA BrokerCheck: An information vehicle containing statistics on both past and present securities broker s and firms registered with FINRA. With FINRA BrokerCheck, an investor can find a firm's ...BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you employment history, certifications, licenses, and any violations for brokers and investment advisors. SEC Admin Release 34-88256; IA Release 40-5447, February 21, 2020: The Securities and Exchange Commission ("Commission") deems it appropriate and in the public interest that public administrative proceedings be, and hereby are, instituted pursuant to Section 15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act") and Section 203(f) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 ("Advisers Act ... The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …As a leading financial services provider, Truist is dedicated to providing its customers with the best possible experience when it comes to logging into their accounts. To ensure t...The Financial Business Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a self-regulatory organization that oversees the securities industry in the United States. It assures dealers, brokers, and other financial institutions follow fair practices, ensuring the stability of the U.S. financial system. The main objective of FINRA is to maintain the integrity of ...Go to your state securities regulator to do additional research on brokers and investment advisers. BrokerCheck does not have information regarding civil litigation not involving investments, civil protective orders, criminal matters unless they are felonies, or misdemeanors that are investment-related or involve theft or a "breach of trust." What is FINRA? FINRA is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to investor protection and market integrity. It regulates one critical part of the securities industry—brokerage firms doing business with the public in the United States. The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …They may represent the single most attractive industry group in the S&amp;P Index....C I have been following the banks and other financial stocks for more than 45 years. While ...Go to your state securities regulator to do additional research on brokers and investment advisers. BrokerCheck does not have information regarding civil litigation not involving investments, civil protective orders, criminal matters unless they are felonies, or misdemeanors that are investment-related or involve theft or a "breach of trust." FINRA collaborates with international regulators to support and improve oversight of firms with global operations. Specifically, FINRA International works to: Facilitate cooperation and information sharing between FINRA and foreign authorities to the benefit of FINRA's regulatory and policy units; Ensure that FINRA has strong relationships with ... The Financial Business Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a self-regulatory organization that oversees the securities industry in the United States. It assures dealers, brokers, and other financial institutions follow fair practices, ensuring the stability of the U.S. financial system. The main objective of FINRA is to maintain the integrity of ...In this Money File: three ways to save money when choosing a financial advisor. Here's Manisha Thakor, co-author of "On My Own Two Feet: A Modern Girl's Guide to Perso...FINRA is empowered to take disciplinary actions, including fines, suspensions and other sanctions. Securities Helpline for Seniors®. Call toll-free with questions or concerns … Go to your state securities regulator to do additional research on brokers and investment advisers. BrokerCheck does not have information regarding civil litigation not involving investments, civil protective orders, criminal matters unless they are felonies, or misdemeanors that are investment-related or involve theft or a "breach of trust." BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you the background and qualifications of brokers and investment advisors. You can use it to find a suitable and reliable professional for your financial needs. Learn more about ALPACA SECURITIES LLC, a registered broker-dealer with FINRA, by visiting their firm summary page. Market Integrity. SM. These FINRA Marks are trademarks, service marks, and logos (registered or unregistered) owned by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The absence of a name, logo, or other mark on this list does not constitute a waiver of any intellectual property rights that FINRA ...The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …A brokerage firm, also called a broker-dealer, is in the business of buying and selling securities – stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and certain other investment ...At FINRA, you can help power a fair and vibrant market, improving investing for all. As a FINRA employee, you join a diverse and talented team of industry leaders who make sure investors are protected and the market is trusted. Discover your opportunity to oversee more than 634,000 brokers across the country, analyze billions of daily market events, use …The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …BrokerCheck; Data; Media Center; For Firms; Contact Us; ... FINRA IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF THE FINANCIAL INDUSTRY REGULATORY AUTHORITY, INC. ...12. According to FINRA, users of BrokerCheck include, among others, investors, member firms and other entities in the financial services industry, regulators, and individuals registered as brokers or seeking employment in the brokerage industry. See Notice, 87 FR at 36553. FINRA requires member firms to inform their customers of the ...The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …Go to your state securities regulator to do additional research on brokers and investment advisers. BrokerCheck does not have information regarding civil litigation not involving investments, civil protective orders, criminal matters unless they are felonies, or misdemeanors that are investment-related or involve theft or a "breach of trust."BrokerCheck; Data; Media Center; For Firms; Contact Us; ... FINRA IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF THE FINANCIAL INDUSTRY REGULATORY AUTHORITY, INC. ...The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public … BrokerCheck - Find a broker, investment or financial advisor. BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you employment history, certifications, licenses, and any violations for brokers and investment advisors. Composition. FINRA’s Board comprises 24 industry and public members, with 10 seats designated for industry members, 13 seats designated for public members and one seat reserved for FINRA’s Chief Executive Officer. Seven of the industry governor seats—three small firm governors, one mid-size firm governor and three large firm governors ... Go to your state securities regulator to do additional research on brokers and investment advisers. BrokerCheck does not have information regarding civil litigation not involving investments, civil protective orders, criminal matters unless they are felonies, or misdemeanors that are investment-related or involve theft or a "breach of trust." BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you employment history, certifications, licenses, and any violations for brokers and investment advisors. ... We are authorized by Congress to protect America’s investors by making sure the securities industry operates fairly and honestly. Learn more ... you certify that you have the …BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you employment history, certifications, licenses, and any violations for brokers and investment advisors. ... regulatory actions, and investment-related licensing information, arbitrations and complaints. ... We are authorized by Congress to protect America’s investors by making sure the securities ...Getty. BrokerCheck helps you vet professionals that manage your money, sell you financial products or provide you with investment advice. This essential tool should be the starting point for any ...The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …Make sure you know who you're dealing with when investing, and contact FINRA with any concerns. For more information read our investor alert on imposters. < ...Central Registration Depository (CRD): The Central Registration Depository (CRD) is a database maintained by FINRA for all firms and individuals involved in the U.S. securities industry. It is ...

BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you employment history, certifications, licenses, and any violations for brokers and investment advisors.. Starlight whittier village cinemas showtimes

financial industry regulatory authority brokercheck

Jan 31, 2024 · The Financial Business Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a self-regulatory organization that oversees the securities industry in the United States. It assures dealers, brokers, and other financial institutions follow fair practices, ensuring the stability of the U.S. financial system. The main objective of FINRA is to maintain the integrity of ... BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you employment history, certifications, licenses, and any violations for brokers and investment advisors. Go to your state securities regulator to do additional research on brokers and investment advisers. BrokerCheck does not have information regarding civil litigation not involving investments, civil protective orders, criminal matters unless they are felonies, or misdemeanors that are investment-related or involve theft or a "breach of trust." Every investor in America relies on one thing: fair financial markets. To protect investors and ensure the market’s integrity, FINRA FINANCIAL INDUSTRY REGULATORY AUTHORITY is a government-authorized not-for-profit organization that oversees U.S. broker-dealers. We work every day to ensure that everyone can participate in the market with confidence. SEC Admin Release 34-88256; IA Release 40-5447, February 21, 2020: The Securities and Exchange Commission ("Commission") deems it appropriate and in the public interest that public administrative proceedings be, and hereby are, instituted pursuant to Section 15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act") and Section 203(f) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 ("Advisers Act ... The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …FINRA BrokerCheck is a free tool that helps individuals conduct research on the professional experience of brokers and brokerages, as well as investment firms and advisors. FINRA, which stands for Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, is a private American company founded in 2007. FINRA focuses on upholding the integrity and …The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …Immediately question your broker about any transaction that you do not understand or did not authorize with your broker. If you are not satisfied with your broker's response, contact the firm's branch manager or compliance department. If you lost money or there was an unauthorized trade made in your account, you should complain in writing.The Securities and Exchange Commission ("Commission") deems it appropriate and in the public interest that public administrative proceedings be, and hereby are, instituted pursuant to Section 15(b)(6) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act") and Section 203(f) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 ("Advisers Act") against James K. Couture …BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you employment history, certifications, licenses, ... AS PROMULGATED BY HIS EMPLOYING FIRM AND THE FINANCIAL INDUSTRY REGULATORY AUTHORITY ("FINRA"). THE AMENDED NOTICE OF HEARING DATED APRIL 28, 2010 IS DISMISSED. Broker Comment.BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you employment history, certifications, licenses, and any violations for brokers and investment advisors. ... regulatory actions, and investment-related licensing information, arbitrations and complaints. ... We are authorized by Congress to protect America’s investors by making sure the securities ...FINRA BrokerCheck: An information vehicle containing statistics on both past and present securities broker s and firms registered with FINRA. With FINRA BrokerCheck, an investor can find a firm's ...BrokerCheck is a trusted tool that shows you employment history, certifications, licenses, and any violations for brokers and investment advisors. ... State regulators are governed by their public records laws (not FINRA Rule 8312), and may provide information not in BrokerCheck, including information no longer required to be reported or ...Composition. FINRA’s Board comprises 24 industry and public members, with 10 seats designated for industry members, 13 seats designated for public members and one seat reserved for FINRA’s Chief Executive Officer. Seven of the industry governor seats—three small firm governors, one mid-size firm governor and three large firm governors ...BrokerCheck; Data; Media Center; ... Use this tool to decode the letters that sometimes follow a financial professional’s name. You can also see whether the issuing organization requires continuing education, ... FINRA IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF THE FINANCIAL INDUSTRY REGULATORY AUTHORITY, ...The content of this summary, and the available detailed report, is governed by FINRA Rule 8312, and is primarily based on information filed on uniform registration forms.Rule 8312, amendments to the rule and notices related to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission approval orders, can be viewed here.. State regulators are governed by their public …When it comes to appliance repairs, finding a reliable and trustworthy service center is crucial. Whirlpool, a leading brand in the home appliance industry, understands the importa....

Popular Topics